Exploring Public Transportation Supply–Demand Structure of Beijing from the Perspective of Spatial Interaction Network

A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between public transportation supply and demand is crucial for construction sustainable development urban transportation. Due to spatial networked nature transportation, revealing configuration structural disparities networks (TSN TDN) can provide significant insights into complex systems. In this study, we explored TSN TDN in environment Beijing. By constructing subdistrict-scale using operation data mobile phone data, analyzed characteristics these from various dimensions, including global indicators, three centralities, community structure, measured current matching pattern Our findings revealed strong geographic heterogeneities TDN, with traffic supply–demand mismatch being observed areas within Sixth Ring Road. Moreover, based on percentage results patterns, identified that balance Beijing approximately 64%, around 18% both excess shortage supply. These valuable structure functioning policymakers planners; be used facilitate a system.